The Murakami Medical House was founded in 1640 (Edo era) when the first head, Souhaku Murakami, opened a clinic in Moromachi. Since then, the Murakami family served as official physicians to the Nakatsu Domain and the Okudaira clan.
The residence preserves thousands of historical medical documents, including materials on human dissection conducted by Gensui Murakami, the head of the family in the late Edo period. These artifacts are displayed in the historic Edo-period house, offering a rare glimpse into the history of medicine.
The museum aims to explore the history of medicine and Dutch learning (Rangaku) in Nakatsu and to deepen understanding of the local culture that produced figures such as Ryotaku Maeno and Yukichi Fukuzawa.